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Bait-ul-Maqdas, known today as Jerusalem, holds immense religious significance for Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike. In Islam, it is the location of Masjid al-Aqsa, the first Qiblah, and the site of the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) miraculous Isra and Mi’raj journey.
The city was under Crusader control from 1099 CE, after the First Crusade, during which Muslim inhabitants faced a tragic massacre. Nearly nine decades later, in 1187 CE, Sultan Salah ud-Din Ayyubi — a Kurdish Muslim general and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty — launched a decisive campaign to reclaim Jerusalem for the Muslim Ummah.
The turning point came at the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187, where Salah ud-Din’s forces decisively defeated the Crusader army led by King Guy of Lusignan. This victory left Jerusalem vulnerable, allowing Salah ud-Din to lay siege to the city. Recognizing the inevitability of defeat, the Crusaders negotiated terms for surrender. In stark contrast to the brutality of the Crusaders in 1099, Salah ud-Din allowed safe passage for civilians and treated prisoners with mercy, embodying Islamic principles of justice and compassion.
His recapture of Jerusalem on 2 October 1187 marked a turning point in Islamic history, inspiring Muslims worldwide and leading to the Third Crusade. Salah ud-Din’s leadership was admired even by his enemies; European chroniclers praised his chivalry, honor, and fairness.
Key facts:
Full Name: Salah ud-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub
Year of Conquest: 1187 CE
Method: Siege after Battle of Hattin victory
Significance: Restored Muslim control over Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule
Legacy: Revered as a model Muslim ruler for his justice, mercy, and military skill
This event is a defining moment in Islamic military and political history, symbolizing unity, strategic brilliance, and adherence to Islamic ethics during warfare.
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