When was Wudu (Ablution) made obligatory in Islam?

The command for Wudu, or ablution, becoming obligatory in Islam is historically understood to have taken place in the 5th year of Hijrah (5 A.H). This period marks an important phase in the development of Islamic rituals, as the Muslim community in Madinah was being shaped into a disciplined and spiritually mature Ummah. Wudu had already been practiced by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the early Muslims before it became formally obligatory, but during 5 A.H, its ruling was established with clarity and consistency, especially in connection with the recitation of the Qur’an and the performance of Salah.

The command emphasized purification as an essential part of worship, teaching Muslims that physical cleanliness and spiritual purity go hand in hand. The revelation concerning Wudu is linked with Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:6), a verse that outlines the method of ablution, including washing the face, arms, wiping the head, and washing the feet. This Qur’anic guidance provided the structure that Muslims follow to this day.

This ruling came at a time when the Muslim community was preparing for significant events, including defensive battles and diplomatic challenges. The emphasis on cleanliness served not only as a spiritual act but also promoted health and discipline within the rapidly growing society in Madinah. The obligation of Wudu strengthened the routine of daily prayers, ensuring that each believer approached Allah with cleanliness, humility, and mindfulness.