MCQ Detailed View

The Charter of Medina, also known as the Constitution of Medina (Mithaq-e-Madina), was a historic document drafted by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in the year 1 A.H (622 CE), shortly after his migration (Hijrah) to the city of Yathrib, later named Madinah. This foundational agreement included 52 distinct articles and served as the first written constitution in the Islamic world.

The purpose of the Charter was to establish a framework for peaceful coexistence among the diverse tribes and religious communities living in Medina — including Muslims (both Muhajirun and Ansar), Jews, and other tribes. Each article outlined specific rights, responsibilities, and mutual obligations to ensure social justice, collective security, and religious freedom.

The Charter of Medina introduced principles such as mutual protection, equality before the law, conflict resolution through consultation, and respect for religious diversity. It declared the Muslim Ummah (community) as one united body and set the groundwork for the first Islamic state governed by justice and cooperation.

This document is considered a pioneering example of Islamic political and civil law and reflects the Prophet’s (SAW) leadership, diplomacy, and vision for a just society.

🟩 Key Facts:

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  The Charter of Medina was drafted in 1 A.H (622 CE).

  
  


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  It consisted of 52 articles.

  
  


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  It was the first written constitution in Islamic history.

  
  


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  It ensured peaceful coexistence among Muslims, Jews, and other tribes.

  
  


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  Articles covered rights, duties, justice, and religious freedom.

  
  


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  It marked the formal foundation of the Islamic state in Medina.

  
  


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  The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) served as the final authority in legal and political matters.