Which Surah was the first to be revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?

The first Surah to be revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was Surah Al-Alaq, specifically the first five verses (96:1–5). This event occurred in 610 CE while the Prophet ﷺ was meditating in Hira Cave on the Mountain of Noor near Makkah. The revelation was delivered by Angel Jibreel (AS) and marks the commencement of the prophethood and the Qur’anic message.

The initial command of the revelation was “Iqra’” (Read or Recite), emphasizing the importance of seeking knowledge, learning, and understanding. These opening verses highlight the creation of man from a clot (‘alaq) and the fundamental role of Allah in the formation of human beings. They also introduce key themes of human development, divine guidance, and moral responsibility, which are central to the Qur’an.

Surah Al-Alaq’s revelation signifies the beginning of Islam as a complete way of life, providing spiritual, ethical, and social guidance. It set the tone for the Prophet’s ﷺ mission, emphasizing reflection, education, and obedience to Allah. The early revelation also illustrates the close relationship between the Qur’an and human intellect, urging mankind to read, ponder, and acquire knowledge in order to grow spiritually and morally.