Which battle is called the one in which the Holy Prophet ﷺ did not personally participate?

In Islamic terminology, a Sariyya refers to a military expedition in which the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not personally participate but sent his trusted companions to lead the battle on his behalf. These expeditions were carried out under the Prophet’s guidance and instructions, ensuring that Islamic principles and strategic objectives were maintained even in his absence.

Sariyyas were different from battles in which the Prophet ﷺ directly commanded, such as the Battle of Badr or Battle of Uhud. The Sariyyas allowed the Prophet ﷺ to manage multiple fronts, send reinforcements, or deal with threats strategically, while still maintaining overall control of the Muslim community’s defense and political interests. Examples include the expeditions led by Hazrat Usama ibn Zaid and other prominent companions.

The term highlights the Prophet’s ﷺ leadership style: he trusted his companions with significant responsibilities and prepared them to act decisively while upholding Islamic ethics. These missions also helped in spreading Islam and defending the Muslim community without direct involvement from the Prophet ﷺ.