What is the name of the voluntary donations that Muslims may give in addition to Zakah?

Sadaqah is the term used for voluntary charitable donations that Muslims may give in addition to the obligatory Zakah. While Zakah is a fixed percentage of wealth that must be given annually to eligible recipients, Sadaqah is entirely optional and can be given at any time, in any amount, and to anyone in need. The practice of giving Sadaqah is deeply encouraged in Islam as a means of spiritual purification, demonstrating compassion, and seeking Allah’s pleasure.

The Quran and Hadith emphasize the importance of Sadaqah as an act that not only benefits the poor and needy but also purifies the giver’s wealth and soul. Allah mentions in the Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:261) that charity multiplies in reward and is a way to attain closeness to Him. Sadaqah is not limited to monetary contributions; it can include providing food, clothing, assistance, or even a kind word or smile, as Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: “Even a smile is charity.” This broad understanding makes Sadaqah a powerful and accessible form of worship for all Muslims.

There are different types of Sadaqah, including Sadaqah Jariyah, which is ongoing charity whose benefits continue even after the donor has passed away, such as building wells, schools, or mosques. Voluntary donations play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, supporting humanitarian efforts, and strengthening the bonds of community. Unlike Zakah, there is no fixed amount or time for giving Sadaqah, giving Muslims flexibility to respond to the needs around them.