MCQ Detailed View

What was the Battle of Siffin?

The Battle of Siffin was a major battle fought between Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A), the fourth caliph of Islam, and Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan (R.A), the governor of Syria. It took place in the year 657 CE, near the Euphrates River in an area called Siffin.

Reason Behind the Battle

After the martyrdom of Hazrat Usman (R.A), there was political and social unrest. Hazrat Ali (R.A) became the caliph, but Muawiya (R.A), who was a relative of Hazrat Usman (R.A), demanded that his killers be punished before giving allegiance (bayah) to Hazrat Ali (R.A). Hazrat Ali (R.A) believed that unity was more important at that time and punishment should come after stabilization. This disagreement led to the battle.

Main Events of the Battle

The battle lasted for several days with heavy fighting on both sides. Both parties included many noble companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). During the battle, when Muawiya’s army was on the verge of defeat, they raised the Qur’an on spears, asking for judgment according to the Qur’an. This act caused division in Hazrat Ali’s army, and the battle ended without a clear victory.

Outcome of the Battle

After the battle, both sides agreed to settle the matter through arbitration. However, the results of the arbitration did not bring peace and led to further divisions within the Muslim Ummah, including the rise of the Kharijites.

The Battle of Siffin was a turning point in Islamic history. It highlights how political differences among Muslims led to internal conflicts, even among the Sahabah. However, all companions of the Prophet are honored in Islam, and Muslims are taught to respect all Sahabah and avoid speaking ill of them.