When was Baitul Muqaddas conquered during the Rashidun Caliphate?

Baitul Muqaddas, also known as Jerusalem, was conquered during the Rashidun Caliphate in 637 AD (15 Hijri) under the leadership of Caliph Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA). This conquest was a pivotal moment in early Islamic history, symbolizing both political expansion and the spread of Islam into the Levant region. The campaign against the Byzantine Empire, which controlled Jerusalem at the time, was carefully planned and executed by the Muslim army to ensure a peaceful transfer of power whenever possible.

The Muslim forces, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid (RA) and other prominent generals, approached Jerusalem after securing victories in nearby regions of Palestine and Syria. Before entering the city, Hazrat Umar (RA) personally traveled to Jerusalem to accept the surrender from the Byzantine governor. The city was conquered with minimal bloodshed, as the citizens and Christian leaders agreed to terms of peaceful surrender known as the “Pact of Umar”, which guaranteed religious freedom and protection of property for all inhabitants who accepted Muslim rule.

The conquest of Baitul Muqaddas had significant religious, political, and cultural implications. It strengthened Muslim control over the Levant, ensured safe passage for pilgrims, and established the foundations of Islamic administration in newly conquered territories. The event also highlighted the justice, wisdom, and diplomacy of Hazrat Umar (RA), as he emphasized fairness and coexistence with non-Muslim communities in Jerusalem.