Before accepting Islam, what was the original occupation of the tribes of Aws and Khazraj in Yathrib (later known as Madinah)?

Question

Accepted Answer

Agriculturalists - Before the arrival of Islam in Yathrib — the city that later became known as Madinah — the tribes of Aws and Khazraj were settled Arab tribes who lived primarily as agriculturalists. 
These tribes were originally from the southern Arabian Peninsula (likely from Yemen), and they migrated north to Yathrib during the conflicts and environmental shifts that followed the collapse of the Ma’rib Dam in ancient Yemen.

In Yathrib, the land was fertile and had an excellent water system, including wells and springs. The tribes established themselves by cultivating date palms, grains, and other crops. Their livelihood mainly depended on farming and managing the oasis-based agriculture that made Yathrib known as one of the most fertile towns in the Arabian Peninsula at that time.

The Jewish tribes of Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Qurayza, and Banu Nadir also lived in the same area and were involved in trade, craftsmanship, and agriculture. Sometimes, they would lend money to Aws and Khazraj or form political and military alliances. However, over time, the two Arab tribes frequently fell into disputes and warfare, which weakened them until the arrival of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ brought unity through Islam.

This historical background explains why the people of Madinah were known for being settled, practical, and agriculturally strong, unlike the nomadic Bedouin tribes of the desert. Their settled nature also helped Islam spread quickly because they had structured communities and leadership.

Key Facts:

  Original Tribes: Aws and Khazraj
  City: Yathrib (renamed Madinah after Hijrah)
  Main Occupation: Agriculture – date farming, crops, and oasis management
  Pre-Islamic Society: Tribal structure, conflicts, and alliances with Jewish tribes
  Contribution to Islam: Became the Ansar (helpers) of the Prophet ﷺ after Hijrah
  Known For: Welcoming the Prophet ﷺ during Hijrah in 1 AH / 622 CE


The agricultural lifestyle of Aws and Khazraj laid the foundation for the early Islamic society in Madinah. Their unity, productivity, and support became a powerful force in the spread of Islam after the Prophet’s ﷺ migration.

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