Which Surah of the Holy Quran was revealed twice, in Makkah and Madinah?

Surah Al-Fatiha, the opening chapter of the Holy Quran, holds a unique position in Islamic teachings as it was revealed twice, once in Makkah and again in Madinah. This Surah, often referred to as “Umm al-Kitab” (Mother of the Book), consists of seven verses and is central to a Muslim’s daily prayers, recited in every unit of Salah. Its repeated revelation underscores its fundamental importance for guidance, worship, and spiritual reflection.

In Makkah, the revelation of Surah Al-Fatiha focused on establishing the core belief in Tawheed (Oneness of Allah) and the importance of seeking guidance from Allah alone. It introduced key concepts such as Allah’s mercy, sovereignty, and the Day of Judgment, serving as a foundation for the early believers during a time of persecution and societal opposition. The Surah provided spiritual strength and reinforced the connection between the believers and Allah.

Later, in Madinah, the Surah was revealed again, emphasizing its role in structured community worship and formalizing its position in the daily prayers (Salah). This second revelation helped standardize the recitation and its application in organized acts of worship, making it a central component of the Muslim prayer ritual. By being revealed in both Makkah and Madinah, Surah Al-Fatiha bridges the spiritual lessons of early Islam with the practical aspects of worship in the later period of the Prophet’s ﷺ life.