Which of the following is considered a pillar of Islamic Civilization?

The pillars of Islamic civilization are fundamentally rooted in the practice of the Five Pillars of Islam, which form the ethical, spiritual, and social foundation of Muslim life. Among these, the essential pillars widely recognized as the backbone of Islamic civilization include Salat (prayer), Sa’um (fasting), Zakat (almsgiving), and Hajj (pilgrimage). These practices are not only acts of worship but also key instruments for building a just, moral, and cohesive society.

Salat establishes a direct connection between the individual and Allah, fostering discipline, accountability, and spiritual mindfulness. Sa’um, observed during the month of Ramadan, cultivates self-restraint, empathy for the less fortunate, and social solidarity. Zakat, the obligatory charity, redistributes wealth, reduces inequality, and strengthens communal bonds. Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah, symbolizes unity among Muslims worldwide, transcending race, ethnicity, and social status, while reinforcing the principles of humility, equality, and devotion.

These pillars collectively support the broader framework of Islamic civilization, which emphasizes ethical governance, social justice, education, and communal welfare. They guide Muslims in personal development and societal responsibility, ensuring that religion is practiced alongside moral integrity and social harmony. The practical application of these pillars has historically shaped Islamic societies, influencing law, education, culture, and economic systems.

For Islamic Studies students and competitive exams, it is crucial to recognize that Salat, Sa’um, Zakat, and Hajj are the core pillars of Islamic civilization. Understanding their significance helps students appreciate how these fundamental practices establish the moral, spiritual, and social foundation of the Muslim world, guiding individual behavior and collective societal values.