How many Surahs of the Holy Quran start with a curse?

In the Holy Quran, there are three Surahs that begin with a curse, referring to divine condemnation of certain sinful behaviors or groups of people. These Surahs are Surah Al-Masad (111), Surah Al-Takathur (102), and Surah Al-Fil (105), which open with verses warning against arrogance, disbelief, or opposition to Allah’s guidance. The use of a curse at the beginning of these Surahs serves as a strong admonition, emphasizing the seriousness of disobedience and the consequences of ignoring divine commandments.

For example, Surah Al-Masad begins with a direct curse upon Abu Lahab, a prominent opponent of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, illustrating that persistent opposition to truth and faith incurs Allah’s wrath. Similarly, other Surahs beginning with strong warnings highlight moral lessons and call people to self-reflection, repentance, and adherence to guidance. These openings are carefully placed to immediately capture attention and underscore the weight of the message in the Surah.

The concept of starting with a curse is not intended for general hostility but serves as a moral and spiritual lesson, guiding believers to avoid the mistakes and transgressions of those condemned. It also contrasts sharply with Surahs that begin with praise or blessings, illustrating the diversity of Quranic styles in addressing human behavior.