When did Zakat become obligatory in Islam?

Zakat, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, was made obligatory in 2 A.H. (After Hijrah), during the early years of the Muslim community in Madinah. Zakat is a form of almsgiving and spiritual purification, requiring Muslims who possess wealth above a certain threshold (Nisab) to give a fixed portion, usually 2.5%, to eligible recipients such as the poor, orphans, debt-ridden individuals, and others in need (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:60).

The obligation of Zakat served multiple purposes. Spiritually, it purifies the wealth of the giver, strengthens their consciousness of Allah, and fosters detachment from material possessions. Socially, it ensures the redistribution of wealth, reduces economic inequality, and provides financial support to the underprivileged. By mandating Zakat, Allah established a system of mutual responsibility and solidarity within the Muslim community, encouraging both generosity and accountability.

Zakat became especially important after the migration (Hijrah) to Madinah, where the Muslim community was growing rapidly and needed a structured system to care for the needy and maintain social cohesion. The collection and distribution of Zakat helped build trust, unity, and compassion among the early Muslims, reinforcing both ethical behavior and communal welfare.