What are the basic doctrines (beliefs) of Islam?

In Islam, the basic doctrines (Aqaid or beliefs) are central to a Muslim’s faith and form the foundation of Islamic theology. There are six fundamental beliefs that every Muslim must hold. These beliefs guide the understanding of Allah, His creation, and the purpose of life, and they are often distinguished from the practical duties of Islam (Five Pillars), which focus on actions and worship.

The six basic beliefs of Islam are:

1. 
   

   Belief in Allah (Tawheed): Absolute monotheism, affirming that Allah is the one and only God, without partners, equals, or associates.

   
   


2. 
   

   Belief in Angels (Malaika): Belief in Allah’s angels, who are spiritual beings created from light, carrying out divine commands.

   
   


3. 
   

   Belief in Divine Books (Kutub): Acceptance of all revealed scriptures, including the Torah, Zabur, Injil, and the Qur’an as the final and complete guidance.

   
   


4. 
   

   Belief in Prophets (Anbiya): Recognition of all prophets sent by Allah to guide humanity, from Hazrat Adam (A.S.) to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the last messenger.

   
   


5. 
   

   Belief in the Day of Judgment (Qiyamah): Faith in the resurrection, accountability, and eternal life in Paradise or Hell based on one’s deeds.

   
   


6. 
   

   Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar): Acknowledgment that everything, good or bad, occurs by Allah’s will and knowledge, and that humans have responsibility for their actions within this divine framework.

   
   

These six beliefs are mentioned in the Qur’an and Hadith and form the core of a Muslim’s faith, distinguishing belief from mere ritual. Understanding and practicing these beliefs strengthens spirituality, moral accountability, and connection to Allah.