In which year was Ghazwa-e-Tabuk fought?

The Ghazwa-e-Tabuk was fought in the 9th year of Hijrah, making 9 Hijri the correct answer. This expedition holds great importance in Islamic history because it tested the faith, commitment, and discipline of the Muslim community under extremely difficult circumstances. Unlike many earlier battles, Ghazwa-e-Tabuk was not marked by direct combat but by the demonstration of strength, unity, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.

The background of this expedition was the reported threat of a Byzantine (Roman) army preparing to attack the northern borders of the Islamic state. Upon receiving this information, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ decided to march towards Tabuk, a distant region near present-day Jordan, to confront the threat and protect the Muslim state. The journey took place during intense heat, with limited resources, food shortages, and long travel distances. Because of these hardships, the campaign is often referred to as “The Expedition of Hardship” (Ghazwat al-Usrah).

Despite these challenges, the Prophet ﷺ openly announced the expedition, allowing Muslims to prepare. Many companions made great sacrifices, donating wealth and resources for the cause of Islam. However, this event also exposed the hypocrisy of some individuals who made excuses to avoid joining the expedition, which is mentioned in the Qur’an in Surah At-Tawbah.

When the Muslim army reached Tabuk, no major battle occurred, as the Byzantine forces withdrew. Nevertheless, the expedition achieved significant political and strategic success. Several local tribes entered into treaties with the Muslims, strengthening Islamic influence in the region. The journey to Tabuk reinforced the authority of the Islamic state and sent a strong message to its enemies.