Who compiled the Holy Quran in the form of a book?

The first compilation of the Holy Quran into a complete book form took place during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA). This monumental step in Islamic history ensured that the Quran, which had been revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) over a period of 23 years, would be preserved in a written and organized form for future generations. During the lifetime of the Prophet (SAW), the Quran was written on various materials such as leather, bones, parchment, and palm leaves, while many companions memorized it completely. However, it had not yet been collected into a single bound manuscript.

After the Battle of Yamamah, in which many Huffaz (memorizers of the Quran) were martyred, Hazrat Umar (RA) expressed deep concern about the potential loss of portions of the Quran. He urged Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) to initiate the collection of the Quran in book form. Initially, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) hesitated because the Prophet (SAW) had not done this during his lifetime. However, after reflection, he recognized the importance of preserving the Quran in written form to protect it from loss.

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) appointed Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RA)—one of the primary scribes of revelation and a trusted companion—to lead the task. Hazrat Zaid (RA) followed a highly meticulous process. He accepted written verses only if presented along with two witnesses who confirmed that the material had been written in the presence of the Prophet (SAW). This rigorous method ensured authenticity and accuracy. The completed manuscript was kept with Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), later passed to Hazrat Umar (RA), and then to Hazrat Hafsa (RA).