What is the first Surah of the Holy Quran?

The first Surah of the Holy Quran is Surah Al-Fatiha, a chapter that holds a central place in Islamic belief, worship, and spiritual understanding. It is known as “Umm al-Kitab” (The Mother of the Book) and “As-Sab’ ul-Mathani” (The Seven Oft-Repeated Verses). These titles alone reflect its significance, as this Surah forms the foundation of the relationship between a believer and their Creator. The placement of Al-Fatiha at the very beginning of the Quran is deliberate and meaningful, setting the tone for the message of guidance, mercy, and devotion that the Quran conveys.

Surah Al-Fatiha consists of seven verses that summarize the essence of Islamic teachings. It begins with praises for Allah, the Lord of all worlds, acknowledging His mercy and His sovereignty on the Day of Judgment. The Surah then shifts to a supplication, where believers ask Allah for guidance along the straight path—a path followed by those blessed with His favor and not by those who have gone astray. This combination of praise, worship, and prayer makes Al-Fatiha a powerful spiritual introduction to the entire Quran.

One of the most unique aspects of Surah Al-Fatiha is that it is recited in every unit (rak’ah) of Muslim prayer. Without it, the prayer is considered incomplete, highlighting its essential role in daily worship. Its placement as the first Surah is therefore not simply alphabetical or chronological; it reflects its function as a gateway to understanding the Quran and connecting with Allah.

Historically, this Surah was revealed in Makkah and has served as a source of comfort, hope, and spiritual clarity for Muslims across generations. Exam questions related to Al-Fatiha are common in Islamic Studies, making it important to remember that the first Surah of the Quran is Surah Al-Fatiha.