The correct answer is 1956.Tunisia officially gained its independence from France on March 20, 1956. This marked the end of the French protectorate that had been in place since the Treaty of Bardo in 1881.
Habib Bourguiba’s Role:
Habib Bourguiba is considered the "Father of Independence" in Tunisia.
- The Struggle: As the leader of the Neo Destour party, Bourguiba led a decades-long political and sometimes armed struggle against French colonial rule.
- Diplomacy: He was known for his "stage-by-stage" strategy, negotiating with the French government to secure internal autonomy first, which eventually paved the way for full sovereignty.
- First President: Following independence, the monarchy was abolished in 1957, and Bourguiba became the first President of the Republic of Tunisia, serving for 30 years
Key Dates in Tunisian History:
- 1881: France establishes a protectorate over Tunisia.
- 1954: France grants Tunisia internal autonomy following widespread unrest.
- 1956: The correct answer—Full independence is declared on March 20.
- 1957: The Republic is declared, and the Bey (monarch) is deposed.
Comparison of the Options:
- 1953: A year of intense resistance and the exile of Bourguiba to the island of Galite, but not the year of independence.
- 1956: The correct answer, when the independence protocol was signed in Paris.
- 1959: The year Tunisia adopted its first constitution as a republic.
- 1962: This was the year neighboring Algeria gained independence from France after a long and bloody war.
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