The correct answer is Russia.The State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the national legislature). The upper house is the Federation Council. The Duma is headquartered in central Moscow, just a short distance from the Kremlin.
Historical Evolution:
The term "Duma" comes from the Russian word dumat (думать), meaning "to think" or "to consider."
- Imperial Duma: The first Duma was established in 1905 by Tsar Nicholas II following the Russian Revolution of 1905. It was the first time a representative legislative body was introduced in the Russian Empire.
- Modern Duma: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the State Duma was re-established by the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Composition and Powers:
- Members: The Duma consists of 450 deputies.
- Term: Deputies are elected for a five-year term.
- Key Functions: The Duma is responsible for debating and passing federal laws, approving the appointment of the Prime Minister, and overseeing the activities of the Government.
Comparison of the Options:
- Germany: Its parliament is composed of the Bundestag (lower house) and the Bundesrat (upper house).
- Japan: The national assembly is called the Diet (Kokkai).
- Russia: The correct answer, specifically referring to the lower legislative chamber.
- Gambia: The legislature is known as the National Assembly of The Gambia.
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