The correct answer is 30.Hosni Mubarak served as the fourth President of Egypt for exactly 29 years and 4 months, which is almost always rounded to 30 years in general knowledge contexts and historical summaries.
Timeline of His Rule:
Mubarak's long tenure began and ended under dramatic circumstances:
- Assumption of Power (1981): He was the Vice President under Anwar Sadat. Following Sadat's assassination on October 6, 1981, Mubarak took office as President.
- The "Pharaoh" Era: During his three decades in power, he maintained a state of emergency and was a key, albeit controversial, ally to the West in the Middle East.
- Resignation (2011): His rule came to an end during the Egyptian Revolution, part of the wider Arab Spring. After 18 days of massive protests centered in Cairo's Tahrir Square, he resigned on February 11, 2011.
Key Aspects of His Presidency:
- Foreign Policy: He maintained the peace treaty with Israel and served as a frequent mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
- Domestic Rule: While he brought stability, his administration was often criticized for corruption, police brutality, and the suppression of political opposition.
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