Hosni Mubarak ruled Egypt for almost 30 years. He became president in October 1981 after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat. Mubarak had a military background and served as the Vice President before becoming the President. During his rule, he focused on stability, economic reforms, and maintaining Egypt’s international relations, especially with the United States and neighboring countries. He kept the peace treaty with Israel and played a role in Middle East peace efforts.

Inside Egypt, his government faced growing criticism over time. Many people complained about unemployment, lack of political freedom, and corruption. Though Egypt made some progress in areas like infrastructure and education, public frustration continued to grow. In early 2011, large protests began across the country as part of the Arab Spring movement. These protests demanded change and led to Mubarak’s resignation in February 2011.

Mubarak’s presidency remains one of the longest in Egypt’s history. His rule covered several major events in both national and regional politics. After stepping down, he was put on trial and faced legal proceedings for charges related to corruption and the deaths of protesters. His time in power remains a significant part of Egypt’s recent political history.