The correct answer is Nepal.
Historically, Nepal was the only official Hindu Kingdom in the world. This status was formally established in the 1962 constitution under the Shah Dynasty and remained in place for several decades.
The Transition to Secularism:
It is important to note that while Nepal is the answer for "the only Hindu State" in most General Knowledge MCQs, its official status has changed:
- The Royal Era: For much of its modern history, Nepal was a monarchy where the King was considered an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu.
- The 2006 Uprising: Following a massive pro-democracy movement, the interim parliament declared Nepal a secular state in May 2006.
- The 2015 Constitution: The new constitution officially defines Nepal as a secular, federal democratic republic, though it also includes a provision to protect ancient religious traditions.
Comparison of the Options:
- India: Although India has the world's largest Hindu population (roughly 80%), it has been constitutionally secular since its independence and the adoption of its constitution in 1950.
- Nepal: The correct answer in a historical and traditional GK context. It was the last country to hold the formal title of a "Hindu State."
- Sri Lanka: This is a Buddhist-majority country, and its constitution gives Buddhism the "foremost place" while protecting other religions.
- China: Officially an atheist state led by the Communist Party, with major influences from Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.
Key Religious Facts:
- Population: Approximately 81% of Nepal's population identifies as Hindu.
- Pashupatinath Temple: Located in Kathmandu, this is one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Birthplace of Buddha: Interestingly, while Nepal was a Hindu state, it is also home to Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, highlighting the deep intermingling of Hinduism and Buddhism in the region.
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