In which year did the famous scholar Al-Biruni, known for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and history, pass away?

The famous scholar Al-Biruni, one of the greatest intellectuals of the Islamic Golden Age, passed away in the year 1048 CE. Known for his extraordinary contributions to mathematics, astronomy, physics, anthropology, and history, Al-Biruni’s work continues to influence modern scientific thought even a thousand years later. Born in 973 CE in present-day Uzbekistan, he spent much of his life traveling, researching, and documenting the world with remarkable accuracy, especially during his stay in the Indian subcontinent.

One of his most significant achievements was his groundbreaking book "Kitab al-Hind", a detailed study of the culture, religions, and sciences of the Indian subcontinent. He approached the subject with a modern scientific mindset—observing, questioning, comparing, and documenting without prejudice. His accurate calculation of the Earth’s radius and his understanding of the Earth’s rotation demonstrate his advanced scientific abilities at a time when much of the world lacked such knowledge.

Al-Biruni also made notable contributions in trigonometry, establishing fundamental concepts that are still taught today. In astronomy, he researched planetary motion, longitude and latitude, and developed sophisticated scientific methods that placed him far ahead of his time.

His death in 1048 CE marked the end of an era of unparalleled scientific brilliance, but his legacy remains alive through his vast written works. This question frequently appears in General Knowledge MCQs because Al-Biruni is considered a central figure in Islamic scientific history, and knowing the year of his death is important for students preparing for competitive exams. Remembering that Al-Biruni passed away in 1048 helps reinforce his timeline and historical significance.