MCQ Detailed View

To select the location for the permanent capital of the United States, the U.S. Congress appointed 3 commissioners in accordance with the **Residence Act of 1790**. These individuals were given the authority to survey land, negotiate with landowners, and oversee the design and development of the new federal district.

This was a critical step in fulfilling the constitutional vision of creating a capital independent of any state’s direct control. The commissioners were not elected politicians but rather appointed experts and administrators who worked under the direction of President George Washington.

Key facts about the appointment of the commissioners:

• Number of commissioners: 3


• Appointed by: U.S. Congress under the Residence Act (1790)


• Authorized by: President George Washington


• Main responsibility: Select and oversee the establishment of the U.S. capital


• Capital location selected: Along the Potomac River (between Maryland and Virginia)

The commissioners worked closely with prominent figures like Pierre Charles L’Enfant, the French-American architect who laid out the city’s original design, and Andrew Ellicott, who completed the land survey. Their combined efforts led to the birth of Washington, D.C., a city that was officially designated the capital in 1801.

This selection process was politically sensitive. It balanced the interests of northern and southern states and satisfied the constitutional requirement for a neutral federal district. The involvement of just three commissioners helped maintain clarity and speed in decision-making, avoiding delays that could arise from larger committees.