The correct answer is 1192 AD.
The Second Battle of Tarain was a watershed moment in the history of medieval India. Fought near the modern town of Taraori in Haryana, it established the foundation of Muslim rule in northern India.
The Context and Strategy:
- The Combatants: The battle took place between Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad Ghauri (the ruler of the Ghurid Empire) and Prithviraj Chauhan (the Rajput king of the Chahamanas dynasty).
- The Background: Just one year prior, in 1191 AD, Prithviraj Chauhan had decisively defeated Muhammad Ghauri at the exact same location during the First Battle of Tarain. Ghauri was severely injured but escaped to Kabul, where he spent a year building a massive, highly disciplined army.
- Ghauri's Military Tactics: Ghauri utilized mobile cavalry archers to exhaust the Rajput forces. He divided his army into five units, attacking the Rajput flanks continuously while pretending to retreat, which broke the tight defensive formations of Prithviraj's army.
The Outcome:
Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and executed following the rout. This victory allowed Muhammad Ghauri to seize control of Delhi, Ajmer, and the surrounding areas, paving the way for his general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, to establish the Delhi Sultanate shortly after.
Comparison of the Options:
- 1191 AD: The year of the First Battle of Tarain, which was won by Prithviraj Chauhan.
- 1192 AD: The correct answer; the year Muhammad Ghauri returned and won the decisive second encounter.
- 1196 AD: By this time, Ghurid forces were pushing deeper into eastern India, consolidating power in Bihar and Bengal.
- 1197 AD: This year marked further expansion of the newly establishing sultanate infrastructure under Qutb-ud-din Aibak
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