MCQ Detailed View

The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the First Persian Empire, was founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE. Cyrus began his rise to power around 559 BCE as the ruler of a small region called Anshan in present-day Iran. Over time, through a combination of military skill, diplomacy, and strategic alliances, he united the Persian tribes and overthrew the Median Empire, establishing himself as a powerful leader.

Cyrus the Great is often remembered not only for his conquests but also for his progressive style of governance. He respected the customs, religions, and traditions of the peoples he conquered. This policy helped maintain stability across his vast empire, which stretched from the Indus Valley in the east to the Aegean Sea in the west, making it one of the largest empires in history at that time.

One of his most notable achievements was the conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE. After taking the city, Cyrus issued the famous Cyrus Cylinder, which is often regarded as one of the earliest declarations of human rights, granting religious freedom and allowing displaced peoples to return to their homelands.

The administrative system established under his rule laid the foundation for future Persian rulers. His empire was divided into provinces called satrapies, each governed by a satrap (governor) who reported to the central authority.

Cyrus died in 530 BCE during a campaign in Central Asia. He left behind a legacy of tolerance, justice, and effective leadership. His tomb at Pasargadae is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and still stands as a monument to his influence on world history.

Key Points:

• 
  

  Founder: Cyrus the Great

  
  


• 
  

  Founded: Around 550 BCE

  
  


• 
  

  Capital: Pasargadae (initial), later Persepolis

  
  


• 
  

  Empire Size: From Indus Valley to Aegean Sea

  
  


• 
  

  Famous For: Respect for cultures, Cyrus Cylinder

  
  


• 
  

  Death: 530 BCE, in Central Asia