The correct answer is 1st Battle of Panipat.
The First Battle of Panipat, fought on April 21, 1526, was a turning point in Indian history. It marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of the mighty Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
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Key Historical Facts:
- The Combatants: The battle was fought between Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur, the ruler of Kabul, and Ibrahim Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi.
- The Military Disadvantage: Ibrahim Lodhi had a massive army of over 100,000 soldiers and 1,000 war elephants. Babur, by contrast, had a much smaller force of around 12,000 to 15,000 men.
- Babur's Strategy: Despite being outnumbered, Babur won due to his superior military tactics. He introduced field artillery (cannons) and gunpowder firearms to northern India for the first time. He also used the Tulughma strategy, a tactical flanking maneuver that encircled the large Lodhi army, causing chaos and panic.
The Outcome:
Ibrahim Lodhi died on the battlefield, making him one of the few Delhi Sultans to perish in active combat. Following his victory, Babur quickly captured Delhi and Agra, establishing himself as the first Mughal Emperor.
Comparison of the Options
- 1st Battle of Panipat: The correct answer; fought in 1526, establishing Mughal rule.
Panipat
- 2nd Battle of Panipat: Fought in 1556 between Babur's grandson, Akbar, and the Hindu king Hemu.
- 3rd Battle of Panipat: Fought in 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading Afghan army of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
- Battle of Waterloo: Fought in 1815 in present-day Belgium, where Napoleon Bonaparte was permanently defeated by European allied forces.
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