Which of the following is a nutritional deficiency disease?

A nutritional deficiency disease occurs when the body does not receive enough essential nutrients, vitamins, or minerals needed for proper functioning. These deficiencies affect normal metabolism and can lead to several disorders. One well-known nutritional deficiency disease is Pellagra, which results from a lack of niacin (Vitamin B3) or its precursor tryptophan.

Pellagra is often described by the “three D’s” — Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and Dementia. In severe cases, if left untreated, it can also lead to death. This condition is most common in populations whose diet relies heavily on maize (corn), which is low in niacin and tryptophan unless properly processed.

Let’s understand how the options differ:

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  A) Albinism — This is a genetic condition, not a deficiency disease. It occurs due to the absence of the pigment melanin.

  
  


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  B) Cirrhosis — This is a liver disease caused mainly by long-term alcohol consumption or hepatitis, not by nutrient deficiency.

  
  


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  C) Rabies — This is an infectious viral disease transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.

  
  


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  D) Pellagra — This is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) or tryptophan, leading to skin lesions, digestive issues, and mental problems.

  
  

Foods rich in niacin include meat, fish, eggs, whole grains, and green vegetables. Maintaining a balanced diet ensures the body receives all essential nutrients, preventing such deficiency disorders.

In summary, Pellagra is a classic example of a nutritional deficiency disease, and its prevention depends on improving dietary quality and ensuring adequate vitamin intake.

✅ Correct Answer: D) Pellagra