MCQ Detailed View

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). The condition arises either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes) or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (Type 2 Diabetes).

The key word here is metabolism. Metabolism refers to all the biochemical processes that occur in the body to maintain life, including the breakdown of food into energy. Carbohydrates are metabolized into glucose, which is the main source of energy for cells. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, plays a vital role in transporting glucose from the bloodstream into body cells.

In diabetes mellitus, this regulatory system is impaired. Without proper insulin action, glucose builds up in the blood rather than being used efficiently by the body. This leads to multiple complications such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, and in severe cases, organ damage.

Let’s examine the incorrect options:

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  Anatomy: While diabetes affects many organs structurally over time, the root cause is not anatomical but metabolic.

  
  


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  Behaviour: Though lifestyle factors can influence diabetes, it is not classified as a behavioral disorder.

  
  


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  Excretion: Increased urination (polyuria) is a symptom of diabetes, but the disease itself is not an excretory disorder.

  
  

The correct classification is metabolic disorder, because the disease directly alters how the body processes glucose and energy.

From a biological perspective, diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases globally, affecting millions. Understanding its metabolic basis is crucial for medical science, nutrition, and public health management.