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The chart with letters arranged in multiple rows and used during eye tests is called the Snellen Chart. It was developed in 1862 by Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen. This chart is one of the most widely used tools to measure visual acuity, which refers to the clarity or sharpness of vision.
The Snellen Chart consists of several rows of capital letters. The top row usually contains one large letter, while each subsequent row contains letters that decrease in size. During an eye exam, a patient is asked to stand at a standard distance (often 6 meters or 20 feet) and read the letters aloud. The smallest row of letters the person can read correctly determines their visual acuity.
The results are commonly expressed as a fraction, such as 20/20 vision. This means that the person can see at 20 feet what a normal eye should see at the same distance. If someone has 20/40 vision, it means they must stand at 20 feet to see what a person with normal vision can see at 40 feet. In countries using the metric system, measurements like 6/6 are used instead of 20/20.
The Snellen Chart is crucial in detecting vision problems such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. It is often used in schools, hospitals, and clinics to quickly identify whether a person needs corrective lenses.
The other options in the question do not relate to eyesight:
Maslow’s pyramid is from psychology and shows human needs.
Gantt chart is used in project scheduling.
Peptide test relates to chemistry and proteins.
Thus, the correct answer is the Snellen Chart, a fundamental tool in biology and medicine for assessing human vision.
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