MCQ Detailed View

Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition in which the platelet count in the blood becomes abnormally low. Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are small, disc-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow by larger precursor cells known as megakaryocytes. Their primary function is to help in blood clotting and wound healing.

Under normal conditions, the bone marrow maintains a steady production of platelets, keeping the count within the healthy range of about 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. In thrombocytopenia, however, the bone marrow produces too few platelets, resulting in a platelet count below 150,000. This deficiency can make it difficult for blood to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding, easy bruising, nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding from cuts.

There are several causes of thrombocytopenia:

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  Bone marrow disorders such as leukemia or aplastic anemia that reduce platelet production.

  
  


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  Viral infections like dengue or HIV, which can damage bone marrow.

  
  


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  Autoimmune conditions where the immune system mistakenly destroys platelets.

  
  


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  Certain medications and chemotherapy that suppress bone marrow activity.

  
  

The severity of thrombocytopenia depends on how low the platelet count becomes. Mild cases may not show symptoms, while severe cases can be life-threatening if not treated. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, medications to stimulate platelet production, or in some cases, platelet transfusions.

In summary, thrombocytopenia occurs when the bone marrow produces too few platelets, disrupting the balance needed for normal clotting and healing. This condition highlights the importance of bone marrow function in maintaining blood health and protecting the body from uncontrolled bleeding.