Which hormone helps to control high blood sugar in the body?

Blood sugar, or glucose, is the primary energy source for the body’s cells. The level of glucose in the blood must be carefully regulated, as both high and low levels can be harmful. The hormone responsible for controlling high blood sugar is insulin, which is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in the islets of Langerhans.

When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, insulin is released into the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells for energy production and stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen in the liver and muscles, a process known as glycogenesis. This reduces blood glucose levels and maintains them within the normal range.

Other options are incorrect:

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  Glucose itself is the sugar in the blood, not a hormone, so it does not reduce blood sugar.

  
  


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  Thyroxin is a hormone from the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism but does not directly lower blood sugar.

  
  


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  Norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that can actually raise blood sugar during stress by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

  
  

Understanding the role of insulin is essential in Biology, as it explains the endocrine regulation of metabolism and the mechanisms of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, where insulin production or function is impaired. Insulin therapy is a key treatment for individuals with type 1 diabetes, while lifestyle and medication help manage type 2 diabetes.

In summary, insulin is the hormone that lowers high blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake and storage, playing a vital role in energy homeostasis and overall health. This knowledge is crucial in human biology, physiology, and everyday science.