Lockjaw, i.e., difficulty in opening the mouth, is a symptom of ?

Lockjaw refers to the painful stiffness and difficulty in opening the mouth due to muscle spasms, particularly in the jaw muscles. This condition is one of the most characteristic symptoms of tetanus, a serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani.

The bacteria C. tetani are found in soil, dust, and animal feces. When these bacteria enter the body through a deep wound or cut, they produce a powerful neurotoxin called tetanospasmin. This toxin interferes with the normal function of nerves that control muscles, leading to continuous muscle contractions.

The earliest symptom is usually stiffness in the jaw and neck muscles, making it hard to open the mouth — hence the term lockjaw. As the disease progresses, other muscles of the body, such as those in the abdomen and back, also become rigid. In severe cases, it can lead to difficulty in breathing and even death if not treated promptly.

Tetanus is not a contagious disease; it cannot spread from person to person. The infection occurs only when the bacteria enter the body through a wound. Prevention is mainly achieved through vaccination, commonly given as part of the DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) vaccine in childhood, with booster doses recommended every ten years.

Let’s analyze the options:

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  A) Cholera – Caused by Vibrio cholerae, affects the intestines, not muscles.

  
  


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  B) Plague – Caused by Yersinia pestis, affects lymph nodes and lungs.

  
  


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  C) Diphtheria – Affects the throat and respiratory system.

  
  


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  D) Tetanus – ✅ Correct. Caused by Clostridium tetani leading to muscle rigidity and lockjaw.

  
  

Understanding tetanus and its prevention is vital for both medical awareness and public health.

✅ Correct Answer: D) Tetanus