MCQ Detailed View

Trachoma is a contagious infectious disease that primarily affects the eyes, specifically the conjunctiva and cornea. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which spreads through direct contact with eye, nose, or throat secretions from infected individuals, or indirectly via contaminated towels, clothing, or flies.

The disease typically begins as mild irritation and redness of the eyes. Repeated infections over time can cause inflammation and scarring of the inner eyelid, which may lead to the eyelashes turning inward—a condition known as trichiasis. If left untreated, the eyelashes can scratch the cornea, causing corneal opacity, impaired vision, and potentially permanent blindness. Trachoma is considered a major preventable cause of blindness worldwide, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.

Symptoms of trachoma include:

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  Red, irritated eyes

  
  


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  Discharge from the eyes

  
  


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  Sensitivity to light

  
  


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  Swelling of the eyelids

  
  

Prevention and control strategies focus on the SAFE strategy recommended by the World Health Organization:

1. 
   

   Surgery to correct eyelid deformities

   
   


2. 
   

   Antibiotics to treat infection

   
   


3. 
   

   Facial cleanliness to reduce transmission

   
   


4. 
   

   Environmental improvement including access to clean water and sanitation

   
   

Other options are incorrect because:

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  Brain and spinal cord are part of the nervous system and are not affected by trachoma.

  
  


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  Larynx is part of the respiratory system and unrelated to this disease.

  
  

In summary, trachoma specifically affects the eyes, and early treatment is crucial to prevent serious complications. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and prevention is essential in biology, public health, and preventive medicine.