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Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells. They are made up of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and proteins, mainly histones.
The DNA carries genetic information that determines traits and guides cell functions. The proteins help in packing the DNA tightly so it can fit inside the nucleus and maintain its structure.
Chromosomes are important because they:
Store genetic instructions for growth, development, and reproduction
Ensure DNA is accurately copied during cell division
Help in gene expression and regulation
Other options are incorrect:
DNA only – DNA needs proteins to form a stable structure called chromatin
DNA and RNA – RNA is not part of the chromosome’s main structure
Proteins only – Proteins alone do not carry genetic information
In short, chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins, forming a complex called chromatin, which is essential for genetic storage, organization, and inheritance. Understanding this is key in Biology, especially in genetics and cell biology.
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