How many calories are there in 1 gram of carbohydrate?

Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients in human nutrition, along with proteins and fats. They are the body’s primary source of energy, providing fuel for physical activity, brain function, and overall metabolism. Carbohydrates are found in foods such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen arranged in sugar molecules.

The energy content of carbohydrates is measured in calories, which represent the amount of energy the body can obtain from metabolizing food. 1 gram of carbohydrate provides approximately 4 calories of energy. This means that consuming 100 grams of carbohydrate supplies about 400 calories, which the body can use to maintain vital functions and support physical activity.

In comparison, 1 gram of protein also provides 4 calories, while 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Alcohol, another source of energy, provides approximately 7 calories per gram. Understanding the calorie content of carbohydrates is essential for nutrition planning, weight management, and maintaining a balanced diet.

Carbohydrates can be classified as simple sugars, like glucose and fructose, or complex carbohydrates, like starch and fiber. Both types provide energy, but complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, offering a steady supply of energy over time.

In summary, 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories of energy. This knowledge is important in biology, nutrition, and everyday science, helping students and individuals understand how the body uses macronutrients for energy, maintain healthy eating habits, and plan diets that meet their energy requirements efficiently.