MCQ Detailed View

Trachoma is a bacterial disease that primarily affects the eyes. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide. Trachoma is common in areas with poor sanitation, overcrowding, and limited access to clean water.

The infection usually starts in childhood, causing mild symptoms such as redness, irritation, and discharge from the eyes. Repeated infections over time can lead to scarring of the inner eyelid. This scarring can cause the eyelashes to turn inward, a condition known as trichiasis, which can scratch the cornea and result in blindness if untreated.

Trachoma spreads through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from an infected person, as well as contaminated objects such as towels, clothing, or bedding. Flies that have come into contact with the eyes or nose of an infected person can also transmit the bacteria.

Treatment involves antibiotics, most commonly azithromycin, to eliminate the infection. In advanced cases, surgery may be required to correct eyelid deformities and prevent blindness. Preventive measures include improved hygiene, face washing, and access to clean water. Public health programs like the WHO SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement) are used to control and eliminate trachoma in affected regions.

It is important to note that the other options—Rickets, Osteoporosis, and Gum disease—do not affect the eyes. Rickets and osteoporosis are bone-related conditions, while gum disease affects the teeth and gums.

Thus, the correct answer is A. Trachoma, the bacterial disease that specifically affects the eyes and can cause blindness if left untreated.