MCQ Detailed View

The title "Father of Fingerprints" is given to Sir Francis Galton, an English scientist who made groundbreaking contributions to the study and classification of fingerprints in the late 19th century. Although fingerprints had been observed long before his work, it was Galton who scientifically proved their uniqueness and permanence, laying the foundation for their use in forensic identification.

Key contributions of Sir Francis Galton:

1. 
   

   Scientific Study: In 1892, Galton published the book Finger Prints, which provided the first comprehensive scientific analysis of fingerprint patterns.

   
   


2. 
   

   Classification System: He developed a method for categorizing fingerprints based on ridge patterns (loops, whorls, and arches), which became the basis for modern fingerprint classification systems.

   
   


3. 
   

   Uniqueness and Permanence: Galton demonstrated that no two individuals have identical fingerprints, and that fingerprints remain unchanged throughout a person’s life, making them a reliable form of personal identification.

   
   


4. 
   

   Forensic Use: His work led to the adoption of fingerprints as a scientific method for criminal identification, replacing less reliable techniques like anthropometry.

   
   

Other options explained:

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  HM Smith: Not recognized as a pioneer in fingerprint research.

  
  


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  Marcelo Malpighi: A 17th-century anatomist who first described ridges and loops on fingers but did not develop a classification or forensic system.

  
  


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  Dr Nehemiah: In 1684, he described the first known scientific drawings of fingerprints but did not establish their forensic importance.

  
  

While earlier scientists observed fingerprint patterns, it was Sir Francis Galton who established their practical use in personal identification and forensic science, earning him the title "Father of Fingerprints".

The correct answer is Option A: Sir Francis Galton’s, as his systematic research transformed fingerprint analysis into a scientific and legal tool still used worldwide today.