MCQ Detailed View

Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eyes caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a contagious disease and one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide, particularly in areas with poor hygiene and limited access to clean water. Trachoma primarily affects the conjunctiva, the thin, moist membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.

The infection spreads through:

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  Direct contact with an infected person’s eye or nasal discharge.

  
  


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  Shared towels, clothing, or bedding.

  
  


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  Flies that come in contact with the eyes or face of infected individuals.

  
  

Symptoms of trachoma include:

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  Eye irritation and redness.

  
  


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  Swelling of eyelids.

  
  


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  Discharge and tearing.

  
  


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  Formation of rough patches inside the eyelids.

  
  


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  Sensation of having sand or grit in the eye.

  
  

Repeated or untreated trachoma infections can lead to scarring of the eyelid. Over time, the eyelid may turn inward, causing eyelashes to rub against the cornea (a condition called trichiasis). This continuous friction damages the cornea, eventually leading to vision loss or complete blindness.

Other options in the question are incorrect:

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  Liver, lungs, and kidneys are not affected by trachoma, as it specifically targets the eyes.

  
  

Treatment:
Trachoma can be treated effectively with antibiotics (such as azithromycin) in its early stages. In advanced cases, surgery may be required to correct eyelid deformities and prevent blindness. Improved sanitation, facial cleanliness, and access to clean water are key preventive measures.

In conclusion, trachoma is a bacterial disease of the eyes, causing infection, scarring, and potentially permanent blindness if left untreated.