MCQ Detailed View

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive disorder of the central nervous system, specifically targeting the brain. It is classified as a neurodegenerative disease, which means the nerve cells gradually deteriorate over time. The disease mainly affects the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain responsible for producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter critical for smooth and coordinated movements.

When dopamine levels drop due to neuron loss, the brain cannot effectively control muscles, leading to classic symptoms such as:

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  Tremors – Shaking of hands, arms, legs, or jaw, especially at rest.

  
  


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  Bradykinesia – Slowness of movement, making daily activities more challenging.

  
  


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  Muscle rigidity – Stiffness and inflexibility in limbs and trunk.

  
  


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  Postural instability – Balance problems, increasing the risk of falls.

  
  

While Parkinson’s disease primarily affects the brain, it does not directly affect the eyes, heart, or lungs, although secondary complications may sometimes involve these organs. The exact cause is unknown but may involve genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins.

Treatment focuses on symptom management rather than cure, including:

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  Dopamine replacement therapy (e.g., Levodopa).

  
  


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  Medications to reduce symptoms.

  
  


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  Physical and occupational therapy to improve mobility and daily functioning.

  
  

In summary, Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder, affecting motor coordination due to reduced dopamine. Knowledge of its neurological basis is essential in biology and medical studies.