MCQ Detailed View

Leukaemia is a serious blood disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells (WBCs). White blood cells are essential components of the immune system, responsible for fighting infections and protecting the body against harmful pathogens. However, in Leukaemia, the uncontrolled proliferation of immature or abnormal WBCs disrupts normal blood cell function.

There are several types of Leukaemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The disease can affect both children and adults and may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, fever, easy bruising, and bleeding.

It is important to differentiate Leukaemia from other blood disorders:

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  Anaemia: Caused by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness.

  
  


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  Haemophilia: A genetic disorder affecting blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding.

  
  


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  Diarrhoea: A gastrointestinal condition not related to WBC count.

  
  

The abnormal WBCs in Leukaemia crowd out normal blood cells, reducing the body’s ability to fight infections and carry oxygen effectively. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, bone marrow examination, and genetic analysis. Treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or bone marrow transplantation, depending on the type and severity of the disease.

Understanding Leukaemia is fundamental in human biology and medicine, as it illustrates the importance of balanced blood cell production and the consequences of cellular abnormalities. This knowledge helps students grasp the relationship between the immune system, blood health, and disease, highlighting how vital proper WBC regulation is for maintaining overall health.