MCQ Detailed View

Jaundice is a medical condition that primarily affects the liver, one of the most vital organs in the human body. It is characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. This occurs due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, a yellow pigment formed during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.

Under healthy conditions, the liver processes bilirubin and excretes it through bile into the digestive system. However, when the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, bilirubin builds up in the body, leading to jaundice. This makes jaundice not just a disease but also a symptom of underlying liver disorders.

Causes of Jaundice include:

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  Hepatitis (viral infections of the liver)

  
  


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  Liver cirrhosis (scarring of the liver due to alcohol or chronic disease)

  
  


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  Gallstones blocking bile ducts

  
  


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  Liver cancer or tumors

  
  


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  Hemolysis (excessive breakdown of red blood cells)

  
  

Symptoms of Jaundice:

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  Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes

  
  


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  Dark-colored urine

  
  


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  Pale stools

  
  


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  Fatigue and weakness

  
  


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  Abdominal pain (in some cases)

  
  

Jaundice can occur in newborn babies as well, often referred to as neonatal jaundice, which usually resolves naturally but sometimes requires medical treatment like phototherapy.

From a biological perspective, jaundice is an important indicator of liver health. Detecting it early can help diagnose critical conditions such as hepatitis or liver failure.

In conclusion, Jaundice is a disease of the liver, and its presence signals impaired liver function or blockage in the bile pathway. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications.