MCQ Detailed View

Human blood groups were discovered by the Austrian immunologist and pathologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. His work revealed that human blood can be classified into different groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This discovery laid the foundation for safe blood transfusions and modern hematology.

Landsteiner identified the main blood groups: A, B, and O, which are now known as the ABO system. Later, the AB blood group was discovered by his colleagues, completing the classification. These blood groups are determined by genetic factors and play a critical role in blood compatibility during transfusions. Receiving incompatible blood can trigger a severe immune reaction, which may be life-threatening.

Before Landsteiner’s discovery, blood transfusions were highly risky because the reasons for transfusion reactions were unknown. His research allowed doctors to match donors and recipients based on blood groups, revolutionizing medicine and surgery. Blood group identification also paved the way for forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic research.

Unlike Edward Jenner, who developed the smallpox vaccine, or William Harvey, who discovered blood circulation, Karl Landsteiner specifically studied the immunological properties of blood. The name “Laren” is incorrect and does not relate to blood group discovery.

Understanding who discovered human blood groups is essential in biology, medicine, and everyday science, as it highlights how scientific research can save lives and improve healthcare. It also demonstrates the importance of careful observation, experimentation, and classification in understanding natural phenomena.