PSR J0108-1431 is the closest known pulsar to Earth, making it an important object in astronomy. Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. These beams can only be observed when they point toward Earth, similar to how a lighthouse beam can be seen when it faces you. The light from a pulsar appears to blink or pulse because of the star’s rotation — hence the name "pulsar."

PSR J0108-1431 is one such pulsar, and it is special because it’s the closest known pulsar to our planet. It is located around 424 light-years away in the constellation Cetus. That might seem far, but in terms of space, it is relatively close — especially considering that many pulsars are thousands of light-years away.

Here’s why the other options are incorrect:
- **Black hole**: While black holes are fascinating, PSR J0108-1431 is not one. It doesn’t have the gravitational pull to trap light.
- **Red giant**: A red giant is a later stage of a stars life, much larger than a neutron star and not related to pulsars.
- **Quasar**: Quasars are extremely luminous objects powered by black holes at the center of galaxies. They are very far away, not near Earth.

What makes PSR J0108-1431 valuable to scientists is that it is relatively old and faint, which helps astronomers study the life cycle of pulsars and the evolution of neutron stars over time.

So, the correct answer is **Pulsar**, and PSR J0108-1431 is our cosmic neighbor among these fascinating celestial lighthouses.