Which type of light rays are used to eliminate bacteria?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a type of light with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. It has powerful energy capable of affecting microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Due to this property, UV rays are widely used for disinfection and sterilization in medical facilities, laboratories, water treatment plants, and even in air purification systems.

When bacteria are exposed to UV radiation, the energy from the rays penetrates their cell walls and damages their genetic material (DNA or RNA). This damage prevents the bacteria from replicating, effectively killing them or stopping their growth. This makes UV light a highly effective, chemical-free method of disinfection. It is especially useful for sterilizing surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, and drinking water.

Unlike X-rays, which are used mainly for medical imaging, infrared rays, which are associated with heat, and microwave radiation, which is used for heating food, UV rays have the unique property of microbial destruction. They can reach surfaces, air, and water to reduce microbial contamination without leaving chemical residues, making them environmentally friendly and safe when properly used.

UV sterilization is widely adopted in hospitals, food industries, and water treatment plants because it is efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Scientists also use UV light in laboratories to maintain sterile environments for research and experiments.

Thus, the correct answer is Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, highlighting its vital role in killing bacteria and preventing infections, making it an essential tool in healthcare, sanitation, and everyday science applications.