Treaty establishing the European Union.

The Maastricht Treaty is the treaty that established the European Union. Signed in 1992, this landmark agreement marked a significant step toward deeper integration among European nations. It laid the foundation for the creation of the European Union and introduced the concept of European citizenship, allowing citizens of EU member states to reside and move freely within the EU. The Maastricht Treaty also set the stage for the Economic and Monetary Union, which later led to the introduction of the euro as a common currency.

In addition to establishing the EU, the Maastricht Treaty encompassed several key areas of policy, including foreign affairs, security policy, and justice and home affairs. It aimed to enhance cooperation among member states in these critical domains, fostering a more unified approach to challenges such as security and migration. By creating the institutional framework necessary for a more integrated Europe, the treaty transformed the European Economic Community into the European Union, reflecting a shift from mere economic cooperation to a broader political and social union.

Understanding the significance of the Maastricht Treaty is essential for anyone studying European politics or international relations. It not only initiated the process of European integration but also set out the principles and objectives that continue to guide the EU today. The treaty's impact is evident in the various policies and institutions that have emerged since its inception, making it a cornerstone of the Treaty Establishing European governance and cooperation among member states.