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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used synthetic polymers in the world. It is a thermoplastic material known for its durability, chemical resistance, and versatility, making it suitable for applications such as pipes, cables, flooring, packaging, and medical devices. PVC is obtained by the polymerization of vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl), a monomer with a double bond that allows it to form long chains.
The polymerization process involves the breaking of the double bond in vinyl chloride through free-radical or catalytic methods, allowing the molecules to link together into a long polymer chain. The result is PVC, a stable polymer with repeating units of –CH₂–CHCl–. This polymerization can be done via suspension, emulsion, or bulk polymerization techniques, depending on the desired properties and application of the final product.
Other compounds in the options are incorrect:
Propane (C₃H₈) is a saturated hydrocarbon and does not contain a double bond, so it cannot polymerize to form PVC.
Styrene (C₈H₈) is used to make polystyrene, a different type of plastic.
PVC’s properties can be modified by adding plasticizers, stabilizers, or fillers, resulting in flexible or rigid forms for different uses. It is widely employed in construction (pipes and fittings), electrical insulation, packaging films, and medical equipment. Its resistance to moisture and chemicals makes it highly practical for both industrial and domestic applications.
In summary, the correct answer is Vinyl chloride, as PVC is chemically synthesized by polymerizing this monomer. Understanding this reaction is essential in organic and industrial chemistry, as it illustrates the principles of addition polymerization and the production of everyday plastics.
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