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The process of coating iron or steel with a layer of zinc to protect it from corrosion and rusting is called galvanization. This is one of the most effective methods used to increase the lifespan of iron products exposed to moisture, air, and harsh weather conditions.
Iron and steel are prone to rusting when they come into contact with oxygen and water, forming iron oxide. This weakens the metal over time. Zinc coating acts as a protective barrier, preventing direct contact between iron and environmental elements. Even if the coating is scratched, zinc continues to protect iron through sacrificial protection, meaning zinc reacts with oxygen and moisture instead of iron because it is more reactive. This stops rust formation on the underlying metal.
There are different methods of galvanization:
Hot-dip galvanization: Iron objects are dipped into molten zinc to form a strong protective coating.
Electro-galvanization: Zinc is deposited on the metal surface using an electric current.
Spray galvanizing: Zinc particles are sprayed onto the iron surface.
The other options are scientifically incorrect in this context:
Electroplating: Involves coating a metal with another using electricity but is not specifically zinc coating for corrosion prevention.
Annealing: A heat treatment process to soften metals, not related to rust prevention.
Vulcanization: A process to harden rubber using sulfur, unrelated to metals.
Galvanization is widely used for making iron pipes, water tanks, roofing sheets, fences, and car bodies. This process ensures durability, prevents frequent maintenance, and provides long-term resistance against corrosion.
Therefore, the correct answer is Galvanization, a vital industrial process that protects iron and steel from rusting and degradation, increasing their usability in construction, plumbing, and manufacturing.
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