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Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has distinct physical properties based on the arrangement and movement of particles.
A solid has a definite shape and volume. The particles in a solid are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions. This tight packing of particles makes solids rigid and incompressible. Examples of solids include stone, wood, metals, and ice.
A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. Its particles are close together but can move past one another, allowing liquids to flow. Water is a common example of a liquid at room temperature.
A gas has neither definite shape nor volume. Its particles are far apart and move freely, filling the container completely. Examples include oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
In this MCQ, the options are:
Water: A liquid at standard temperature and pressure, so it is not solid.
Stone: A solid with fixed shape and volume, making it the correct answer.
Both: Incorrect, since water is not solid.
None: Incorrect, as stone is clearly solid.
Understanding states of matter is a fundamental concept in chemistry. It helps explain physical properties such as density, rigidity, compressibility, and fluidity. This knowledge is essential for studying chemical reactions, phase changes, and the behavior of materials in different conditions.
Therefore, among the given options, stone is the solid.
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