What is the chemical formula of Sodium Carbonate?

Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is an important inorganic compound widely used in both industrial and household applications. It is composed of two sodium atoms (Na), one carbon atom (C), and three oxygen atoms (O). The correct formula arises from the combination of sodium ions (Na⁺) and carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) in a 2:1 ratio to balance the electrical charges, resulting in Na₂CO₃.

This compound is commonly known as washing soda or soda ash. It appears as a white, crystalline, water-soluble solid. The substance is alkaline in nature because it forms a basic solution when dissolved in water. It is an important member of the sodium salt family and is widely used in laboratories and industries.

Chemical Composition:

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  Sodium (Na): 2 atoms

  
  


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  Carbon (C): 1 atom

  
  


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  Oxygen (O): 3 atoms

  
  

Formation:
Sodium carbonate can be obtained by the Solvay process, where sodium chloride (NaCl) reacts with ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the presence of water (H₂O) to produce Na₂CO₃.

Equation:
NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

Uses of Sodium Carbonate:

1. 
   

   It is used in the manufacture of glass, soaps, and detergents.

   
   


2. 
   

   Acts as a water softener, helping remove calcium and magnesium ions.

   
   


3. 
   

   Used in textile industries to neutralize acids and adjust pH levels.

   
   


4. 
   

   Plays a role in chemical laboratories as a mild base for neutralization reactions.

   
   

Physical Properties:

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  White crystalline solid

  
  


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  Soluble in water

  
  


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  Alkaline in nature

  
  


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  Melting point: Around 851°C

  
  

Conclusion:
The correct formula for sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃, reflecting its ionic composition of two sodium ions and one carbonate ion. Its widespread industrial applications and strong alkaline properties make it one of the most essential inorganic compounds in chemistry.