MCQ Detailed View

Non-biodegradable materials are substances that do not decompose naturally through the action of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. These materials remain in the environment for hundreds or even thousands of years, causing long-term pollution and environmental damage.

Among the given options, the correct answer is Plastics. Plastics are synthetic polymers made from petroleum-based chemicals. Unlike organic matter such as dead animals or bread, plastics cannot be broken down by natural decomposers. Instead, they accumulate in landfills, clog waterways, and pollute oceans. Even when plastics break into smaller particles, known as microplastics, they persist in the environment and enter food chains, harming wildlife and even human health.

In comparison, dead animals and bread are biodegradable. They consist of organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Microorganisms easily decompose them, returning nutrients to the soil and maintaining the natural balance of ecosystems. This process is part of the biogeochemical cycles that sustain life on Earth.

The widespread use of non-biodegradable materials, particularly plastics, is a major environmental challenge. Plastic bags, bottles, packaging, and single-use products are responsible for soil and water pollution. Marine animals often ingest plastic waste, mistaking it for food, which leads to injury or death. Moreover, burning plastics releases toxic gases, adding to air pollution.

To address this problem, scientists and policymakers promote reduce, reuse, and recycle strategies. Alternatives like biodegradable plastics, cloth bags, and eco-friendly packaging are being encouraged worldwide. Public awareness and responsible waste management are crucial to minimize the harmful effects of plastics.

In summary, the non-biodegradable material among the options is Plastics, because they resist natural decomposition, persist in the environment, and cause significant ecological and health problems.